Neurorehabilitation » Brain tumors. Recovery and rehabilitation. » Tumors of the Central Nervous System » Classification of brain tumors (CNS)
Classification of brain tumors (CNS)
WHO, 2007
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Tumor type |
ICD-O |
Degree of malignancy (G) |
1. NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS |
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1.1. Astrocytic tumors Pilocytic astrocytoma Pilomixoid astrocytoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Diffuse astrocytoma fibrillar protoplasmic mast cell Anaplastic astrocytoma Glyoblastoma Giant cell glioblastoma Gliosarcoma Gliomatosis cerebri 1.2. Oligodendroglial tumors Oligodendroglioma Anaplastic oligodendroglioma 1.3. Oligoastrophic tumors Oligostrocytoma Anaplastic oligoastrositoma 1.4. Ependymal tumors Myxopapillary ependymoma Subependymoma Ependymoma cellular papillary clear cell tannic Anaplastic ependymoma 1.5. Choroid plexus tumours Choroid plexus papilloma Atypical choroid plexus papilloma Choroid plexus carcinoma 1.6. Other neuroepithelial tumors Astroblastoma Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle Angiocentric glioma 1.7. Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour Gangliocytoma Ganglioglioma Anaplastic ganglioglioma Central neurocytoma Extraventricular neurocytoma Cerebellar liponeurocytoma Papillary glioneuronal tumor Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle Spinal paraganglioma (filum terminale of the cauda equina) 1.9. Pineal gland tumors Pineocytoma Epiphyseal tumor of an intermediate degree of malignancy Pineoblastoma Papillary tumor of the pineal gland Pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate degree of malignancy 1.10. Embryonic tumors Medulloblastoma Desmoplastic /nodular medulloblastoma Medulloblastoma with pronounced nodularity Anaplastic medulloblastoma Large cell medulloblastoma Melanotic medulloblastoma CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) CNC neuroblastoma CNS ganglioneuroblastoma Medulloepithelioma Ependymoblastoma Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor |
9421/1 9425/3 9384/3 9424/3 9420/3 9420/3 9410/3 9411/3 9401/3 9440/3 9441/3 9442/3 9381/3
9450/3 9451/3
9382/3 9382/3
9394/1 9381/1 9391/3 9391/3 9391/3 9391/3 9391/3 9392/3
9390/0 9390/1 9390/3
9430/3 9444/1 9431/1
9493/0 9421/1 9413/3 9492/0 9505/1 9505/3 9506/1 9506/1 9506/1 9509/1 9509/1 8660/1
9361/1 9362/3 9362/3 9395/3 9362/1
9470/3 9471/3 9471/3 9474/3 9474/3 9472/3 9473/3 9473/3 9490/3 9501/3 9392/3 9508/3
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G=I G=II G=I G=I G=II G=II G=II G=II G=III G=IV G=IV G=IV G=III
G=II G=III
G=II G=III
G=I G=I G=II G=II G=II G=II G=II G=III
G=I G=II G=III
Неясна G=II G=I
G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=III G=II G=II G=II G=I G=I G=I
G=I G=II-III G=IV G=II-III G=III
G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV G=IV |
2. TUMORS OF CRANIAL AND PARASPINAL NERVES |
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2.1. Schwannoma (neurilemmoma, neurinoma) cellular plexiform melanotic 2.2. Plexiform neurofibroma plexiform 2.3. Perineuroma intraneural perineurism malignant perineuroma 2.4. Malignant peripheral nerve tumor (MPNT) epithelioid with mesenchymal differentiation melanotic with glandular differentiation |
9560/0 9560/0 9560/0 9560/0 9540/0 9550/0 9571/0 9571/0 9571/0 9540/3 9540/3 9540/3 9540/3 9540/3 |
G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=III-IV G=III-IV G=III-IV G=III-IV G=III-IV |
3. MENINGEAL TUMORS |
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3.1. Meningothelial cell tumors Typical meningioma meningoteliomatous fibrous transient psammomatous angiomatous microcystic secretory with abundant lymphocytes metaplastic Atypical meningioma Chordoid meningioma Clear cell meningioma Anaplastic meningioma Rhabdoid meningioma Papillary 3.2. Mesenchymal tumors of membranes (non-meningiomatous) Lipoma Angiolipoma Hibernoma Liposarcoma Solitary fibrous tumor Fibrosarcoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Rhabdomyoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Chondroma Chondrosarcoma Osteoma Osteosarcoma Osteochondroma Hemangioma Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Hemangiopericytoma Anaplastic hemangiopericytoma Angiosarcoma Kaposi's sarcoma Ewing's sarcoma 3.3. Primary melanotic lesions Diffuse melanocytosis Melanocytoma Malignant melanoma Meningeal melanomatosis 3.4. Other meningeal tumors Hemangioblastoma 3.5. Lymphomas and tumors of the hematopoietic system Malignant lymphoma Plasmacytoma Granulocytic sarcoma 3.6. Germ cell tumors Germinoma Embryonal carcinoma Yolk sac tumor Choriocarcinoma Teratoma mature immature Teratoma with malignant transformation Mixed germ cell tumor 3.7. Tumors at sella turcica region Craniopharyngioma adamantinous papillary Granular cell tumor Pituicytoma Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis 3.8. Metastatic tumors hereditary tumor syndromes affecting the nervous system Neurofibromatosis type I Neurofibromatosis type II Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome Tuberous sclerosis Li–Fraumeni syndrome Cowden syndrome Türk syndrome Gorlin syndrome |
9530/0 9531/0 9532/0 9537/0 9533/0 9534/0 9530/0 9530/0 9530/0 9530/0 9539/1 9538/1 9538/1 9530/3 9538/3 9538/3
8850/0 8861/0 8880/0 8850/3 8815/0 8810/3 8830/3 8890/0 8890/3 8990/0 8900/3 9220/0 9220/3 9180/0 9180/3 0921/1 9120/0 9133/1 9150/1 9150/3 9120/3 9140/3 9364/3
8728/0 8727/1 8720/3 8728/3
9661/1
9590/3 9731/3 9930/3
9064/3 9070/3 9071/3 9100/3 9080/1 9080/0 9080/3 9084/3 9085/3
9350/1 9351/1 9352/1 9582/0 9432/1 8291/0 |
G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I G=II G=II G=II G=III G=III G=III
G=I G=I G=I G=III G=I G=III G=III G=I G=III G=I G=III G=I G=III G=I G=III G=I G=I G=II G=II G=III G=III G=III G=IV
G=I G=I G=I G=I G=I
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WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (2007) / Eds. D.N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O.D. Wistler, W.Cavenee. – Geneva: WHO Press, 2007
Tumor classification system
The modern classification of CNS tumors uses a dual grading system for determining the degree of malignancy. The first encodes according to the ICD-O system, where the degree of malignancy is denoted by numbers in a fraction:
- /0 - a benign tumor,
- /1 - a tumor of an intermediate degree of malignancy,
- /2 - carcinoma "in situ",
- /3 - malignant tumor.
The second grade of malignancy for CNS neoplasms was suggested by American neuropathologist J.W. Kernogen. It includes 4 degrees of malignancy denoted by Roman numerals (I degree is the most benign, while II, III and IV indicate an increased degree of malignancy). According to this grade, the degree of malignancy is determined by a retrospective analysis of prognostic significant factors available in many tumors of a similar structure, rather than a morphological evaluation of a single tumor. Thus, it is important from a prognostic point of view.
- I degree (low degree) - the tumor grows slowly, has cells that are very similar to normal cells and rarely spreads to nearby tissues.
- II degree - the tumor grows slowly but can spread to nearby tissues and can recur. Some tumors may develop into a higher degree.
- III degree - the tumor grows rapidly. It can lead to spreading to nearby tissues. The tumor cells are very different from normal cells.
- IV degree - the tumor grows and spreads very quickly, cells do not look like normal cells.
Regardless of the tumor histotype, size and degree of malignancy, any CNS neoplasm can have a number of adverse consequences:
- The growth of tumor tissue within the braincase causes the compression of vital brain structures, which, in turn, can lead to death.
- Tumor can cause occlusive hydrocephalus.
- Tumor can metastasize both within the CNS (along the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, along the meninges) and beyond the central nervous system.
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