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Diabetes increases the risk of stroke

About 10 million Russians suffer from diabetes mellitus. The risk of stroke for these people is increased by 4 times. The reason for this is the complications caused by diabetes, which are also risk factors for stroke.

Diabetes mellitus falls under the group of endocrine diseases that develop due to an absolute or relative insulin hormone deficiency, which leads to the development of hyperglycemia - a persistent increase of glucose in the blood. The disease is characterized by a chronic course and a disorder relating to the metabolism, namely carbohydrate, fat, protein, mineral and water-salt.

There are 2 types of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, but it most commonly affects young people (children, adolescents, adults under the age of 30). The body does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin. Insulin is a hormone of peptide nature formed in beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. It has a multifaceted influence on the metabolism of virtually all tissues. The main effect of insulin is to reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood.

The second type is more common than the first one. More than 90% of Germans with diabetes suffer from this type of the disease. This type of diabetes reduces the sensitivity of tissues to insulin action (insulin resistance), which is synthesized at normal or even elevated levels in the initial stages of the disease. The body produces insulin but the tissues reject it, which results in the highly increased blood sugar levels. Such a disease most commonly affects people at a more mature age and mostly develops in people over 40 years of age. The condition is usually associated with obesity.

The disease cannot be detected immediately, since the symptoms, such as frequent urination, severe thirst, constant hunger, weight loss, fatigue, irritability, visual impairment are common for many diseases and do not always indicate diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus affects the entire body. High blood pressure (hypertension) is the main risk factor leading to a stroke. Two out of three people with diabetes have high blood pressure.
Many diabetic sufferers suffer from heart attacks and atrial fibrillation. They also have high levels of cholesterol in the blood, which blocks the blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the brain. The less blood accesses the brain, the greater the risk of stroke.

If the blood sugar levels are very high during the stroke, the brain damage can be more serious and extensive. The insulin levels can be controlled by taking insulin or sugar reducing drugs.

Diagnostics

It is enough to do a blood test to determine the blood sugar levels, which indicates such a disease as diabetes.

Treatment

After a number of examinations, the doctor prescribes treatment individually for each patient. For Type 1 of the disease, it is prescribed to control blood sugar levels and take certain doses of insulin. Those people suffering from the second type of diabetes very often suffer from obesity. The patients are prescribed to keep a strict diet, do exercises and change their diet. Depending on the degree or complexity of the course of the disease, insulin injections can also be prescribed.

There are several ways that can help to detect diabetes in time.

  • Examination of the feet. You should examine your feet from time to time. If you find wounds and calluses visit a doctor.
  • Eye exam. You should undergo an eye test once a year, because diabetes leads to a number of eye diseases. The timely prescribed treatment can relieve the patient of other diabetes related complications.
  • Dental exam. You should be examined by a dentist every six months. The increased levels of sugar in the blood cause weakening of the body and deterioration of the teeth and mouth.

Doctors recommend leading an active lifestyle. It lowers blood sugar levels, normalizes pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as improves blood circulation in the body and supports joint work.

Another important factor is nutrition. It is better to eat small portions, include more fruits and vegetables in the diet,as well as foods rich in fiber. You should also reduce the intake of salt, fatty and high calorie foods.


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