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Classification of brain tumors (CNS)

WHO, 2007

Tumor type

ICD-O

Degree of malignancy (G)

1. NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS

1.1. Astrocytic tumors

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Pilomixoid astrocytoma

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

Diffuse astrocytoma

fibrillar

protoplasmic

mast cell

Anaplastic astrocytoma

Glyoblastoma

Giant cell glioblastoma

Gliosarcoma

Gliomatosis cerebri

1.2. Oligodendroglial tumors

Oligodendroglioma

Anaplastic oligodendroglioma

1.3. Oligoastrophic tumors

Oligostrocytoma

Anaplastic oligoastrositoma

1.4. Ependymal tumors

Myxopapillary ependymoma

Subependymoma

Ependymoma

cellular

papillary

clear cell

tannic

Anaplastic ependymoma

1.5. Choroid plexus tumours

Choroid plexus papilloma

Atypical choroid plexus papilloma

Choroid plexus carcinoma

1.6. Other neuroepithelial tumors

Astroblastoma

Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle

Angiocentric glioma

1.7. Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors

Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte-Duclos disease)

Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

Gangliocytoma

Ganglioglioma

Anaplastic ganglioglioma

Central neurocytoma

Extraventricular neurocytoma

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma

Papillary glioneuronal tumor

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle

Spinal paraganglioma (filum terminale of the cauda equina)

1.9. Pineal gland tumors

Pineocytoma

Epiphyseal tumor of an intermediate degree of malignancy

Pineoblastoma

Papillary tumor of the pineal gland

Pineal parenchymal tumors

of intermediate degree of malignancy

1.10. Embryonic tumors

Medulloblastoma

Desmoplastic /nodular medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma with pronounced nodularity

Anaplastic medulloblastoma

Large cell medulloblastoma

Melanotic medulloblastoma

CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)

CNC neuroblastoma

CNS ganglioneuroblastoma

Medulloepithelioma

Ependymoblastoma

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor


9421/1

9425/3

9384/3

9424/3

9420/3

9420/3

9410/3

9411/3

9401/3

9440/3

9441/3

9442/3

9381/3


9450/3

9451/3


9382/3

9382/3


9394/1

9381/1

9391/3

9391/3

9391/3

9391/3

9391/3

9392/3


9390/0

9390/1

9390/3


9430/3

9444/1

9431/1


9493/0

9421/1

9413/3

9492/0

9505/1

9505/3

9506/1

9506/1

9506/1

9509/1

9509/1

8660/1


9361/1

9362/3

9362/3

9395/3

9362/1



9470/3

9471/3

9471/3

9474/3

9474/3

9472/3

9473/3

9473/3

9490/3

9501/3

9392/3

9508/3



G=I

G=II

G=I

G=I

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=III

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=III


G=II

G=III


G=II

G=III


G=I

G=I

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=III


G=I

G=II

G=III


Неясна

G=II

G=I


G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=III

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=I

G=I

G=I


G=I

G=II-III

G=IV

G=II-III

G=III



G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

G=IV

2. TUMORS OF CRANIAL AND PARASPINAL NERVES

2.1. Schwannoma (neurilemmoma, neurinoma)

cellular

plexiform

melanotic

2.2. Plexiform neurofibroma

plexiform

2.3. Perineuroma

intraneural perineurism

malignant perineuroma

2.4. Malignant peripheral nerve tumor (MPNT)

epithelioid

with mesenchymal differentiation

melanotic

with glandular differentiation

9560/0

9560/0

9560/0

9560/0

9540/0

9550/0

9571/0

9571/0

9571/0

9540/3

9540/3

9540/3

9540/3

9540/3

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=III-IV

G=III-IV

G=III-IV

G=III-IV

G=III-IV

3. MENINGEAL TUMORS

3.1. Meningothelial cell tumors

Typical meningioma

meningoteliomatous

fibrous

transient

psammomatous

angiomatous

microcystic

secretory

with abundant lymphocytes

metaplastic

Atypical meningioma

Chordoid meningioma

Clear cell meningioma

Anaplastic meningioma

Rhabdoid meningioma

Papillary

3.2. Mesenchymal tumors of membranes (non-meningiomatous)

Lipoma

Angiolipoma

Hibernoma

Liposarcoma

Solitary fibrous tumor

Fibrosarcoma

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Leiomyoma

Leiomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Chondroma

Chondrosarcoma

Osteoma

Osteosarcoma

Osteochondroma

Hemangioma

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

Hemangiopericytoma

Anaplastic hemangiopericytoma

Angiosarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma

Ewing's sarcoma

3.3. Primary melanotic lesions

Diffuse melanocytosis

Melanocytoma

Malignant melanoma

Meningeal melanomatosis

3.4. Other meningeal tumors

Hemangioblastoma

3.5. Lymphomas and tumors of the hematopoietic system

Malignant lymphoma

Plasmacytoma

Granulocytic sarcoma

3.6. Germ cell tumors

Germinoma

Embryonal carcinoma

Yolk sac tumor

Choriocarcinoma

Teratoma

mature

immature

Teratoma with malignant transformation

Mixed germ cell tumor

3.7. Tumors at sella turcica region

Craniopharyngioma

adamantinous

papillary

Granular cell tumor

Pituicytoma

Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis

3.8. Metastatic tumors hereditary tumor syndromes

affecting the nervous system

Neurofibromatosis type I

Neurofibromatosis type II

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

Tuberous sclerosis

Li–Fraumeni syndrome

Cowden syndrome

Türk syndrome

Gorlin syndrome


9530/0

9531/0

9532/0

9537/0

9533/0

9534/0

9530/0

9530/0

9530/0

9530/0

9539/1

9538/1

9538/1

9530/3

9538/3

9538/3


8850/0

8861/0

8880/0

8850/3

8815/0

8810/3

8830/3

8890/0

8890/3

8990/0

8900/3

9220/0

9220/3

9180/0

9180/3

0921/1

9120/0

9133/1

9150/1

9150/3

9120/3

9140/3

9364/3


8728/0

8727/1

8720/3

8728/3


9661/1


9590/3

9731/3

9930/3


9064/3

9070/3

9071/3

9100/3

9080/1

9080/0

9080/3

9084/3

9085/3


9350/1

9351/1

9352/1

9582/0

9432/1

8291/0


G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=II

G=II

G=II

G=III

G=III

G=III


G=I

G=I

G=I

G=III

G=I

G=III

G=III

G=I

G=III

G=I

G=III

G=I

G=III

G=I

G=III

G=I

G=I

G=II

G=II

G=III

G=III

G=III

G=IV
























G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I

G=I


WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (2007) / Eds. D.N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O.D. Wistler, W.Cavenee. – Geneva: WHO Press, 2007

Tumor classification system

The modern classification of CNS tumors uses a dual grading system for determining the degree of malignancy. The first encodes according to the ICD-O system, where the degree of malignancy is denoted by numbers in a fraction:

  • /0 - a benign tumor,
  • /1 - a tumor of an intermediate degree of malignancy,
  • /2 - carcinoma "in situ",
  • /3 - malignant tumor.

The second grade of malignancy for CNS neoplasms was suggested by American neuropathologist J.W. Kernogen. It includes 4 degrees of malignancy denoted by Roman numerals (I degree is the most benign, while II, III and IV indicate an increased degree of malignancy). According to this grade, the degree of malignancy is determined by a retrospective analysis of prognostic significant factors available in many tumors of a similar structure, rather than a morphological evaluation of a single tumor. Thus, it is important from a prognostic point of view.

  • I degree (low degree) - the tumor grows slowly, has cells that are very similar to normal cells and rarely spreads to nearby tissues.
  • II degree - the tumor grows slowly but can spread to nearby tissues and can recur. Some tumors may develop into a higher degree.
  • III degree - the tumor grows rapidly. It can lead to spreading to nearby tissues. The tumor cells are very different from normal cells.
  • IV degree - the tumor grows and spreads very quickly, cells do not look like normal cells.

Regardless of the tumor histotype, size and degree of malignancy, any CNS neoplasm can have a number of adverse consequences:

  • The growth of tumor tissue within the braincase causes the compression of vital brain structures, which, in turn, can lead to death.
  • Tumor can cause occlusive hydrocephalus.
  • Tumor can metastasize both within the CNS (along the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, along the meninges) and beyond the central nervous system.

Here you can also read other articles on this topic:

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