Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebral infarction that occurs as a result of blood flow cessation to the brain. IS develops when the lumen of the cerebral blood vessel closes, which leads to a cessation of blood supply to the brain. Also, supply of both oxygen and nutrients, which are necessary for the normal functioning of the brain, are ceased as well.
Causes
IS can be caused by the following conditions:
- Atherosclerosis of the arteries of the head and neck
- Arterial hypertension with damage to the small cerebral arteries
- Diabetes
- Heart rhythm abnormalities with the formation of blood clots in the heart cavities
Factors, causes, prevention and other information in Section Stroke
Consequences
The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various functions of the body. If the blood can not reach the brain regions that are responsible for functions of certain parts of the body, these parts of the body will stop functioning properly.
After an ischemic stroke, people can experience:
- Motor disorders, weakness or paralysis - this can lead to difficulties in movements, walking and coordination. Movement disorder on only one side of the body is called hemiparesis or hemiplegia.
- Swallowing disorder. Swallowing disorder can cause food and liquid not getting into the esophagus directly, but getting into the respiratory tract and lungs. This can cause severe inflammation of the lungs. Swallowing disorder can also lead to constipation and dehydration.
- Speech disorder. Problems with reproduction and understanding of speech include difficulties in reading, writing and counting. They can occur as a result of damage to the left hemisphere of the brain.
- Perception problems Even with the normal vision, the person is not able to understand what he/she sees. Perception disorder makes it difficult for a person to use everyday objects. For example, person can`t take a glass, pour water into it and then drink it.
- Cognitive disorder In this case the ability to mentally percept and process external information is violated. Clear and logical thinking is distorted, memory of the person starts to deteriorate, the ability to learn, plan and make decisions is lost.
- Behavior disorder The person can experience aggression, slow response, fearfulness, emotional instability and disorganization.
- Bladder and bowel problems ТStroke can cause a variety of different problems, resulting in either bowel or bladder dysfunction (urinary incontinence or retention, fecal incontinence).
- Psychological disorders These include mood swings, depression, irritability, episodes of laughing or crying without an evident reason. Depression is a very common problem for people who have suffered stroke. It is often accompanied by loss of appetite, episodes of laughing or crying without a reason, insomnia, low self-esteem and an increased sense of anxiety.
- Epilepsy The number of stroke patients who eventually develop epilepsy ranges from 7% to 20%.
- Pain syndrome A small number of stroke patients can develop pain episodes manifested in burning, shooting and throbbing pain, which cannot be relieved with painkillers.
Risk of Recurrent Stroke
20% of people who have suffered ischemic stroke die within the first month and about 25% of them die within the first year.
Within the next 5 years, more than half of the surviving patients suffer the second stroke, with most cases occurring in the first year after an episode.
In Russia, about 100,000 cases of recurrent strokes are registered on average each year. Six months after the stroke, disability develops in 40% of surviving patients.
Within the first 5 years, up to 85% of patients either die or remain disabled and only the remaining 15% of patients manage to recover.
How to live after Ischemic Stroke?
In Germany and other countries of the European Union, ischemic stroke is not a diagnosis that condemns people to deep disability and death.
With a detailed and in-depth diagnosis of causes of ischemic stroke, early recovery from the effects of ischemic stroke and rehabilitation, millions of people who have suffered the condition can return to their normal life.
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Over the last decades, there has been published a large number of reports devoted to various aspects of the study of acute cerebrovascular accidents. Nevertheless, both diagnosis and treatment of strokes are still associated with a fairly large number of difficulties and mistakes. Practical experience proves that doctor's qualification is largely determined by how they orient themselves in emergencies and also whether they can quickly make the right decision in the atypical course of the disease.
As symptoms manifest themselves within quite a short time frame, patients often do not pay attention to those and do not seek help, therefore, the registration of TIA is incomplete.
The period of time preceding aging in women is called menopause. Depending on the termination of menstruation, it can be divided into three stages: pre-menopause, menopause and postmenopause. Menopause is a normal condition characterized by the manifestation of pronounced signs of aging. Conditions that can develop due to menopause include eponymous syndrome, osteopenia, cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, hypotrophic manifestations in the genitourinary system, etc. The development of the conditions is usually caused by ovarian dysfunction and aging of the body.
Correction of a number of pathological conditions that increase the risk of stroke plays an important role in its prevention. Therefore, it is important to regulate magnesium and potassium metabolism to solve this problem.
Stroke develops due to an acute cerebrovascular accident. The attack is dangerous due to a high risk of death or serious complications. It is quite easy to diagnose stroke, since it manifests pronounced symptoms numbness of the muscles of the face, hand, leg or one side of the body, incoherent speech, impaired coordination. The prognosis depends on the extent of the lesion, but also, importantly, on speedy first aid. Statistics show that only 20% of all patients experience complete recovery, but even these people run a high risk of developing recurrent stroke within the next 5 years of their lives.
